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With the rapid growth of the population in the world as well

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With the rapid growth of the population in the world as well as the increased sense in general awareness for HIV/AIDS, has forced to think on birth control methods. The current world’s population is estimated to be around 6.4 billion with annual growth of 76 million and hence, it is estimated to reach 9 billion by year 2050. In next two decades, world’s two highly populous countries, China & India are expected to reach the population of 1.5 billion each i.e more than one third of the total world population of that time. It is alarming situation for the world to control this “population explosion”. Therefore, United Nations are urging countries specially highly populated countries to control their population.

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As per the survey report for birth control methods if applied in 169 countries, 137 million women willing to delay their contraceptives, 64 million women are using less effective birth control measures. If these women are helped with adequate birth control treatment (like pills, condoms), 23 million of unplanned births, 22 million induced abortions and 1.4 million infants could be avoided as estimated by United Nations Population Fund.

Besides population, HIV/AIDS is also very important factor forcing the need for birth control. An estimated, world has 38 million people have either AIDS or infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). In seven African countries, one out of 5 adults is infected with HIV. Birth control methods are, therefore, become imperative to control further spread of HIV/AIDS, particularly in these countries. The population in these countries is projected at 35% lower by 2025 free from HIV/AIDS. It will further reduce the total life expectancy by an average of 29 years in these countries.

History of Birth Control

200 AD, Greek gynecologist Soranus said that women become fertile during ovulation. He suggested some birth control tips for women to avoid unwanted pregnancy like smearing olive oil, pomegranate pulp, ginger, or tobacco juice around vagina to kill sperm, drinking water used by blacksmith to cool hot metals and jumping 7 times backward after the sexual intercourse. Many birth control methods like ayurvedic treatments used centuries ago (aside from sexual abstinence). However, there are some historical records of Egyptian women are found who were using some herbal or acid substances like crocodile dung or lubricants like honey or household olive oil as vaginal suppository, which they may have found effective at killing sperm.

However, commercial use of birth control method started in 1960 in the form of birth control pill. It was in 1950, when Planned Parenthood Federation of America invited biologist Dr. Gregory Pincus to develop oral contraceptive pill that would be harmless, universally acceptable and safe for husband and wife. After under going many tests with more than 6,000 women in Puerto Rico and Haiti , it was 1960 when the first commercially produced birth control pill called Enovid-10 was introduced to women in USA . This first oral contraceptive was made with two hormones Estrogen (100 to 175 microgram) and Progestin (10 mg). They were proved to be 99% effective if taken as directed. With estimation, more than 18 million women in US are relying on birth control pills

Types of birth control pills

Unlike the decades old oral contraceptive pills (which had higher number of hormones), today’s birth control pills are in low-dose forms with health benefits. So, women can take birth control pills with much fewer health risks.

Generally there are three types of birth control pills available

1. Progestin only pills (POP)

It is also known as “mini-pill” containing no estrogen. It is recommended for breastfeeding women because estrogen reduced milk production. This POP pill works by thickening the cervical mucus and thus preventing sperm to enter uterus

2. Combination birth control pills

The widely known birth control pills are having combination of two hormones progestin and estrogen. These types of oral contraceptive pills come with the pack of 21 “active pills” and 7 “placebos” , which do not contain any hormones. These are, in fact, known as “reminder pills”

These combination pills are further sub-divided into three types of pills due to the level of two hormones progestin and estrogen.

i) Monophasic birth control pills

Here, every active pill contains the equal number of progestin and estrogen. The other seven pills are placebo having no hormones. Menstruation starts when these placebo pills are taken

ii) Multiphasic birth control pills

They are also known as biphasic or trphasic oral contraceptive pills due to different levels of hormones in active pills. These pills are required to be taken at specific time in its entire pills schedule. Multiphasic birth control pills help offsetting the risks of oral contraceptives.

iii) Continuous birth control pills

it is also known as 365 days pills to be taken continuously throughout the year without the year. This is the new entry of oral contraceptive pills in the birth control market. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Lybrel, which is the only continuous birth control pill approved so far and available for general women use. Women do not get menstrual period while they are under the treatment of Lybrel, however, they might find some breakthrough bleeding or spotting, particularly at the initial stage.

3) Emergency birth control pills

Also known as “morning after pills”, these are designed for immediate pregnancy protection after the unprotected sex. It is highly recommended to take emergency pills within 48 hours and maximum 72 hours to be effective in avoiding pregnancy. These are different than usual oral contraceptive pills where you plan your birth control much in advance. Emergency pills are also taken when the women are sexually assaulted. FDA has approved Plan B as the safest emergency pills. Due to OTC (over the counter) approval by FDA for women above 18 years, Plan B can now be ordered behind pharmacy counter.

One possible reason for prolonged lower back pain following placement

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Back pain in the lower back is among the lesser-known adverse effects of IUDs or intrauterine devices, but female health websites are filled with reports from women who suffer from lower back pain that started just after the introduction of IUDs.

IUDs are small, flexible contraceptive devices that are shaped like a T and inserted through the cervical cervix and in the uterus. They block the flow of sperm, and also prevent eggs from forming in the wall of the uterus. There are two kinds of IUDs which are hormonal and copper. Copper is harmful to the sperm. Hormonal IUDs help to thicken mucus that surrounds the cervix. stopping sperm from entering.

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There are many possible causes for lower back pain that is caused by IUD usage. The time and duration of the pain may suggest the cause. Back pain that lasts from several hours to a few weeks following the procedure could be the result of the introduction of foreign objects in your body. The uterus could suffer from cramping, which could cause cramping in your lower back.

One possible reason for prolonged lower back pain following placement of an IUD could be the change in menstrual cycle. IUDs made of copper have been linked with more menstrual bleeding. When menstruation occurs, the body releases high levels prostaglandins, which are chemicals that create uterus contraction. The contraction allows the lining to be removed which is the reason why it is released by menstrual cycles. The contractions result in lower back and abdominal cramping. The spasm of muscles within the back of your lower could cause pain.

Although hormonal IUDs are able to ease painful menstrual symptoms such as cramping, they may also trigger back pain in different ways. Levonorgestrel is the hormone released by certain IUDs has been connected to pelvic and back discomfort in 1% to 10 percent of IUD users.

Another potential cause for lower back pain due to IUD use is the possibility of perforation in the uterus. It can happen during the insertion when the doctor who is who is performing the procedure is mistaken. As well as failing to stop pregnancy An IUD within a uterus that is perforated may be out of place. Incorrectly placed IUDs could cause internal scarring or infections. Inflammation and damage to pelvic tissues can lead to lower and pelvic back pain.

One of the biggest problems that is associated with IUD usage is the increased risk of developing pelvic inflammation condition (PID). It is due to an infection which travels from the vagina, which then reaches the cervix and eventually causes damage to all female sexual organs. IUDs don’t cause PID but they could aid in spreading the disease. PID results from sexually transmitted diseases which include chlamydia and gonorrhea. When inserted the IUD could assist in spreading the infection to the uterus. Infections of the reproductive organs could cause back pain in the lower back due to the close proximity.

There are many reasons why a woman could choose to take IUDs instead of other methods for contraception. Hormonal IUDs need to be replaced once every 5 years, while copper IUDs can last for ten years. They’re easy to maintain and discreet. They are also superior to other types of contraception. They’re not 100% effective however. They may cause a disruption to your period , and trigger health issues.

If you’re at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, IUDs should not be utilized. If menstrual period duration is often heavy and heavy, IUDs made of copper should not be utilized. Be sure to have an experienced and skilled medical professional insert the IUD. If the back pain continues longer than 2 weeks following the procedure, or if it is very severe, you should seek out a doctor. An ultrasound or physical examination will help determine if your IUD remains in place. Monitor your symptoms and learn about the benefits and risks that come with different methods contraceptives.